In the twenty-first century, the debate on environmental issues has prompted the government to assess the compatibility of land uses, this evaluation approach has been strongly influenced by the principles of economic development established in 1987 by Report * Brundtland.
These assessment tools set out a schedule, "including" the territory through which it seeks to study and define all the possible iterations that insist on the same vulnerabilities that have the effects of interventions.
Cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness are the traditional instruments of assessment planning, and now seem to be affected by the choice of procedures that promote or control the actions between two alternatives: to accept or reject the project . This type of evaluation, closed and static, it must be replaced by a kind of evaluation is more open and dynamic. It is proposed, therefore, a new evaluation system that is able to define the minimum criteria for evaluating projects and actions to be taken in the area.
European rules of assessment, according to Directive 85/337/EC, is intended only to point and linear works that cause an impact within the city or not. Called Environmental Impact Assessment, or commonly known as EIA in Italy has produced little effect, while in other European countries like Great Britain uses a new assessment tool, applied to plans and programs. This is the SEA, Environmental Assessment, innovative, flexible and dynamic planning-oriented environment.
This assessment takes shape with the European Directive 2001/42/EC, which requires all EU member states the ratification of the Directive into national legislation by 21 July 2004. Many Member States have started to implement the Directive from the issues most closely related to spatial planning, and then extend the approach to all urban and territorial policies with significant effects on the environment.
The main objective of SEA is to assess the environmental effects of plans and programs prior to their approval (ex ante), during and at the end of their period of validity (in-going, ex-post ). In this sense, this chapter introduces the consideration of aspects already in the strategic environment, which is why the name of "strategic".
At this point, the evaluation becomes a central aspect in the planning, so you can switch plans and programs of sustainability to their concrete realization.
Sustainable development and strategic planning are two sides of same coin and allow you to define shared results of action, a project widely promoted in Europe and in both cases interacts with social participation.
Dr. Alfonso Riccio
* The Brundtland Report (also known as Our Common Future) is a document issued in 1987 by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) in which, for the first time, introduces the concept of sustainable development . The name is given by Gro Harlem Brundtland coordinator that year was president of the WCED and had commissioned the report. His definition was as follows: "Sustainable development is development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs"
Bibliography
PAPER M. Theories della pianificazione. questioni, paradigmi e progetto, Palumbo Editore, Palermo 2003.
GRASSO S. Valutazione Ambientale Strategica, Facoltà di Architettura, Cdl P.T.U.A., dispense del corso di Urbanistica II, a.a.2007/2008.
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