Article. 9 of the Constitution assigns to the Italian Republic, the protection of the landscape, visible form of the area that shows the presence of Civilizations che si sono succedute nel tempo e nello spazio. Oggi quando si parla di territorio si allude “politicamente” al popolo, ai cittadini, all’opinione pubblica e al rapporto con il territorio. In realtà tutti i problemi che nascono per l’ambiente e il paesaggio non possono essere affrontati se non sono integrati al territorio in forma più generale.
La dimensione culturale dei beni paesaggistico-ambientali è riscontrabile nelle esperienze di pianificazione di area vasta affrontata dalle regioni italiane sin dalla nascita delle prime leggi del 1939. A partire dagli anni ’70 la questione ambientale è stata presa in considerazione dalle amministrazioni regionali legate alla pianificazione di area vasta, anche se negli last 30 years it has been characterized, both from a general interest in the environment, protection of the environment as a necessary principle of local economic development.
The Landscape Territorial Plan * that define the environment as an economic resource, have as their direct objective the protection that the enhancement of the environment. The planning of large areas of the landscape, created by the laws of 1939, defines himself as "a collection of paintings morphological-environmental" concept now abandoned in favor of that expressed the ecology of the landscape, where the landscape is seen as a "system consisting of ecosystems, which offers elements of description assessment and for understanding the dynamics of transformation of the territory. "
Since the '90s, the central authority, now the Ministry of Heritage and Culture, has sought to regain possession of the territorial government, trying to remove the power to derogate from the regions, now solely responsible for defacing the environment in Italy .
All this leads to a determination by the Ministry, to regain control and change the legislation on the environment of urban planning including consideration of principles related to the landscape and the environment.
All these elements connect to the subscription by the Italian Government, ** the European Landscape Convention (Florence, October 2000). According to Chapter 1 Art. 1 letter. At the Convention, the landscape "designates a certain portion of territory, as perceived by people, whose character derives from the natural and / or human interrelationships. The preparation of the document was a moment of wide-ranging reflection on the importance of environmental issues in Europe's future, touching on various aspects of the subject, including: landscape quality, the preservation of cultural heritage management of cultural heritage and environmental land use planning.
You however it should be noted that today's environment, land, and consequently the landscape, not for the exclusive jurisdiction of the state, but also to various institutions, the municipalities to the regions, which should undertake in accordance with the laws of transformation of urban land or not.
* Landscape Territorial Plan: tools "creatives" whose preparation is entrusted to the Department, established by Law 1497 of 1939. Today, the protection which the Act 431 of 1985 focuses on the PTP.
** The European Landscape Convention is a document adopted by the Committee of Ministers of Culture and Environment of the Council of Europe July 19, 2000, officially signed in the Salone dei Cinquecento in Palazzo Vecchio in Florence October 20, 2000. It was signed by as many as 27 states of the European Union and ratified by 10, including Italy in 2006.
Bibliography
G. Campus Venuti F. Oliva (eds.) Cities without culture. Interview urbanism, Bari, Laterza, 2010
S. Gerland of cultural and environmental law. Course of cultural heritage legislation, Palermo, Palumbo Editore, 2007
NG Leone elements of the city and urban planning, Palermo, Palumbo Editore, 2004
Dr. Alfonso Riccio
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